Title of paper in English
Türkçe makale başlığı
Abstract	Öz
This template contains the manuscript preparation guideline of Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences updated in March 2016. In this section a short abstract indicating the novelty and main findings of the work should be written. The text of abstract should be written fully justified, in italics and 8 pt. The abstract should include approximately 100-250 words and should not contain any non-common abbreviations, citations, equations, symbols and expressions with subscripts or superscripts. The number of keywords should be between 3 and 6.	Bu şablonda, Mart 2016’da güncellenen Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisinin makale hazırlama kılavuzu bulunmaktadır. Bu bölümde çalışmanın yeniliklerini vurgulayan ve ana bulgularını gösteren kısa bir özet verilmelidir. Özet metni italik olarak yazılmalı, iki yana yaslanmalı ve 8 punto olmalıdır. Özet yaklaşık olarak 100-250 kelime içermeli ve içerisinde yaygın olmayan kısaltma, alıntı, atıf, denklem, sembol ve alt indis veya üst indis içeren ifadeler kullanılmamalıdır. Anahtar kelime sayısı 3 ile 6 arasında olmalıdır.
Keywords: PAU, Journal, Template	Anahtar kelimeler: PAU, Dergi, Şablon

Introduction

Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences (PAJES) is a multidisciplinary journal that includes fundamental engineering areas. PAJES aims at disseminating recent advances in engineering and science to researchers, engineers and related readers. PAJES, in which both theoretical and experimental engineering studies take place, encourages the publication of the articles from challenging areas of engineering and concentrates on the publication of the interdisciplinary studies.

This template, which is prepared to help the authors, can be downloaded from the web site of the journal. The papers must be prepared in MS-Word® 2007 or its further releases.

Page format

The preparation rules given below should be followed. It is recommended that you use this document as template in order to meet the specifications for the format of PAJES.

Page layout

The size of the papers must be in A4 (210 x 297 mm). Margins must be 30 mm from top, 25 mm from bottom, 15 mm from left and 15 mm from right. Except for the title section of the paper, the page-width figures and tables, the main text must be in double columns 85 mm each. There must be a 10 mm space between the columns.

There should be no author information when the first submission of the manuscript. After peer-review process, the accepted manuscripts should include author information by writing only initial letters of the first names and whole letters of the surnames in capital letters. There must be a 10 pt space after the full name of each author. Affiliations of the authors must be given in order of appearance and each individual affiliation must be given in a separate row together with the
e-mails of the authors. If there are more than one author who have the same affiliation, their e-mail addresses should be given in order of their names. There must be an 8 pt space between the last e-mail address and the reception/acceptance date information of the paper. Font color of Turkish paper title should be chosen as 65% darker than white background.

Abbreviations should be spelled out in full at their first occurrence in the text.

Titles

The main title of the paper should be written in both English and Turkish. The size of the title should be 14 pt and centered. In the title, only the initial letter of the first word should be capitalized, all the other letters should be written in lowercase. There must be a 10 pt and 3 pt. space before and after the English paper title, respectively and a 3 pt and 10 pt. space before and after the Turkish paper title, respectively.

All headings should be written in Cambria font. Level-1 headings must be bold, centered and 11 pt, and only the initial letter of the first word should be capitalized, all the other letters should be written in lowercase. Level-2, Level-3 and Level-4 headings must be in the same format as Level-1 headings but they should be 9 pt and justified to the left. No headings should be used further than Level-4. Styles that are defined in the style gallery of this template by names “Heading 1”, “Heading 2”, “Heading 3” and “Heading 4” should be used for Level-1,
Level-2, Level-3 and Level-4 headings, respectively.

The use of abbreviations in both paper title and the other titles should be avoided as much as possible.

Fonts

Main text should be written in Cambria font and 9 pt, justified. In special cases, e.g. making an emphasis, italic or bold characters can also be used. A style that is defined in the style gallery of this template by name “Gövde” should be used for main text.

Equations

Each equation should be written in a separate row and be enumerated. Equations must be given in the 1x2 tables with hidden borders, where the width of the first cell is 90% and the width of the second cell is 10%. The equation in the first cell should be centered and the equation number in the second cell should be justified to the right. Left and right margins of the cells must be zero. All equations should be written in
MS-Word® 2007 and further releases equation editor. As an example, Equation (1) is given below.

(1)

The equations which cannot be fitted into a single row can be expressed in more than one row. When necessary, an equation can be given within the main text as long as it is shorter than a single row. Equation editor should also be used in the writing of the equations or the variables used in the equations within the main text. Numbers and their related units used in the text should be in the same line. As the decimal separator in the decimal numbers, a point instead of a comma should be used (e.g. 3.5 instead of 3,5 should be used). If the thousands separator is to be used, point should not be used. Comma or space can be used (e.g. 1,000,000 or 1 000 000 or 1000000).

Figures

All figures should be centered in the column, but if a figure is large to the extent that it covers double column, then it should be centered according to the page. Figure captions must be below the figures as illustrated in Fig. 1. Styles that are defined in the style gallery of this template by names “Şekil” and “Caption” should be used for figures and figure captions, respectively.

If a figure is wider than a single column, it may be given as to cover two columns and it should be placed at the top or bottom of the page. All original or modified figures taken from other sources must be cited.

Figures in drawing or graphic format should be inserted in the appropriate place of the text after being drawn in an image editing or graphic program and saved as image file with a resolution of at least 300 dpi. If desired, these image files can also be uploaded during article submission process. Figures should not appear blurred. The writings in the figures should be readable clearly and their size must not exceed the size of the text. Point should also be used as the decimal separator in the decimal numbers in figures.

Figure 1. An example figure.

Tables

An example table is given in Table 1. Depending on the purpose of use, other types of tables can also be used in the text. Caption of the table should be given above the table. A style that is defined in the style gallery of this template by name “Caption” should be used for table captions.

Table 1. An example table.

1st Column	2nd Column
A	X
B	Y
C	Z

If a table is wider than a single column it should be placed at the top or bottom of the page (e.g. Table 2). Texts in the table should be written in Cambria font and 9 pt. If necessary, the size of the text in the table can be reduced to 7 pt. Equation editor should also be used in the writing of the equations or the variables used in the equations within the table.

All citations to the tables, figures and equations in the text must be expressed as in the template (ambiguous phrases such as “in below figure/table/equation” should not be used). If more than one tables, figures or equations are cited, punctuations of “,” and “-” can be used. Each table, figure or equation must be cited at least once before its appearance in the text.

Hyperlinks

Hyperlinks can be used in the paper. Hyperlinks can be utilized as the links (documents, audio, multi-media etc.) that provide more information about the related topic. Font type of a hyperlink must be same as that of the main text but it should be underlined.

Page numbers

Page numbers should not be inserted into the paper. Headers and footers should not be used in the paper. Such arrangements are to made by PAJES staff.

Table 2. An example table.

1st Column	2nd Column	3rd Column	4th Column	5th Column	6th Column	7th Column	8th Column
A	A	X	X	X	X	X	X
B	B	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
A	A	X	X	X	X	X	X
A	A	X	X	X	X	X	X
B	B	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
A	A	X	X	X	X	X	X
C	C	Z	Z	Z	Z	Z	Z

Citations

Citations in the text should be given by numbers in square brackets. The list of references should be given at the end of the paper in order of their first appearance in the text. Use individual sets of square brackets for citation numbers that appear together. For instance, the expression [1],[2],[5] cites the references 1, 2 and 5; similarly, the expression [3]-[9] cites all the references from 3 to 9. In this context, the section of references should be arranged as given in Section 5. In Section 5, [1],[2] correspond to peer reviewed journal papers, [3],[4] books, [5] section in book, [6],[7] conference, symposium or congress proceedings, [8],[9] theses/dissertations, [10],[11] reports or standards, and [12] internet hyperlinks. A style that is defined in the style gallery of this template by name “Reference” should be used while writing the References section. Each reference must begin and end on the same column or page.

More detailed information about writing the references is given in Appendix B.

Other spelling rules

There should not be a space between % sign and number in percentage numbers. While the percentage (%) sign is written after the number in English sections (e.g. 23%), it should be written before the number in Turkish sections (e.g. %23).

The figure (or the table) and its caption should be placed in the same column or page.

Conclusion

This template can be downloaded from the web site (http://pajes.pau.edu.tr/eng/Default.asp?p=author_guideline) of PAJES. Publishing Coordinators of PAJES thank to all authors for preparing their papers in conformity with this template.

Acknowledgment

The use of this section is optional. However, this section should be left blank when the first submission of the manuscript. After peer-review process, the institution, project, person, etc. support that you receive can be specified in this section.

Author contribution statements

Authors' contributions to the study should be briefly stated in this section. When giving contribution rates, author sequence numbers should be used instead of author names (eg Author 1, Author 2). Contributions of the authors to the study should be explained by taking into account the criteria required in the preparation of the article such as creating the idea, designing, obtaining resources and materials, collecting data, performing analyzes, literature review, writing and critical review.

If there is a person or institution that is not included in the study as an author but contributed to the study, it can be specified separately in this section.

Example: In the scope of this study, the Author 1 in the formation of the idea, the design and the literature review; Author 2 in the assessment of obtained results, supplying the materials used and examining the results; the Author3 the spelling and checking the article in terms of content were contributed.

Ethics committee approval and conflict of interest statement

According to the TR Index Journal evaluation criteria, the use of humans and animals in experimental or other scientific studies, clinical studies on humans, clinical studies on animals, retrospective studies in accordance with the law on protection of personal data, questionnaires, interviews, focus group studies, observations, experiments and interviews, any work carried out with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using techniques are required ethics committee approval. If the data used in the study is of a type that requires an ethics committee approval, it should be explained in this section, and the ethics committee permission document should be presented with the article.

If the approval of the ethics committee is not required for the publication of the study, the following information note should be written:

"There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for the article prepared"

Whether there is a conflict of interest in the prepared article should be stated in this section. If there is a conflict of interest, information should be given about the person / institution and the reason for the conflict of interest. If there is no conflict of interest, the following information note should be written:

"There is no conflict of interest with any person / institution in the article prepared"

References

Bennert T, Hanson D, Maher A. “Influence of pavement surface type on tire/pavement generated noise”. Journal of Testing & Evaluation, 33(2), 94-100, 2005.

Erdoğan M, Tekin R, Kaya M. “Mikrodalga fırında suni yaşlandırılan 6013 alüminyum alaşımın korozyon davranışının incelenmesi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 25-30, 2014.

Haupt RL, Haupt SE. Practical Genetic Algorithms. 2nd ed. New York, USA, Wiley, 2004.

Erkek C, Ağıralioğlu N. Su Kaynakları Mühendisliği. Altıncı baskı. İstanbul, Türkiye, Beta, 2010.

Poore JH, Lin L, Eschbach R, Bauer T. Automated Statistical Testing for Embedded Systems. Editors: Zander J, Schieferdecker I, Mosterman PJ. Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems, 111–146, Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC Press, 2012.

Li RTH, Chung SH. “Digital boundary controller for single-phase grid-connected CSI”. IEEE 2008 Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Rhodes, Greece, 15–19 June 2008.

Yeğen B, Önöz B, Altıparmak B, Bilen O, Pala M. “Fırat, Yeşilırmak ve Kızılırmak havzalarında taşkınların mevsimselliğinin belirlenmesi”. Altıncı Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Denizli, Türkiye, 22-24 Eylül 2010.

Boynukalın Z. Emotion Analysis of Turkish Texts by Using Machine Learning Methods. MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 2012.

Ceylan H. Şehir İçi Ulaşım Ağlarının Armoni Araştırması Optimizasyon Tekniği ile Tasarımı. Doktora Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli, Türkiye, 2009.

Diament P, Lupatkin WL. “V-line Surface-Wave Radiation and Scanning”. Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA, Scientific Report, 85, 1991.

Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. “Devlet Yardımlarını Değerlendirme Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu”. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Ankara, Türkiye, 2681, 2004.

T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. “Türk Gıda Kodeksi Et ve Et Ürünleri Tebliği”. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=9.5.16821&MevzuatIliski=0&sourceXmlSearch=et%20%C3%BCr%C3%BCnleri (21.12.2014).

Appendix A

Appendices should be given by classifying them. If necessary, they may begin on a separate page.

Appendix B

Rules for Writing the References Section
Peer Reviewed Journal Paper: Each author’s; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space (there is a comma between the authors and a point after the last author). In quotes “Title of paper”. Journal Name in italics (The abbreviation should not be used), volume(issue), page range, year. Pyke DF, Cohen MA. “Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production distribution systems”. European Journal of Operational Research, 68(1), 23-48, 1993. Erdoğan M, Tekin R, Kaya M. “Mikrodalga fırında suni yaşlandırılan 6013 alüminyum alaşımın korozyon davranışının incelenmesi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 25-30, 2014.
Book: Each author’s; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space (there is a comma between the authors and a point after the last author). Title of Book in italics. Edition number (if it exists). Pressed city/state, country, publisher, year of publication. Haupt RL, Haupt SE. Practical Genetic Algorithms. 2nd ed. New York, USA, Wiley, 2004. Erkek C, Ağıralioğlu N. Su Kaynakları Mühendisliği. Altıncı baskı. İstanbul, Türkiye, Beta, 2010.
Chapter/Section in Book: Chapter/Section Author(s)’; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space (there is a comma between the authors and a point after the last author). Title of Chapter/Section in italics. Editor(s): (in Turkish Editör(ler):) Each Editor’s; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space (there is a comma between the editors and a point after the last editor). Title of Book, page range of chapter/section, pressed city/state, country, publisher, year. Poore JH, Lin L, Eschbach R, Bauer T. Automated Statistical Testing for Embedded Systems. Editors: Zander J, Schieferdecker I, Mosterman PJ. Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems, 111–146, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, CRC Press, 2012.
Conference/Symposium/Congress Proceeding: Each author’s; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space (there is a comma between the authors and a point after the last author). In quotes “Title of paper”. Conference/Symposium/Congress’ Name in italics, city/state, country, date range. Li RTH, Chung SH. “Digital boundary controller for single-phase grid-connected CSI”. IEEE 2008 Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Rhodes, Greece, 15–19 June 2008. Yeğen B, Önöz B, Altıparmak B, Bilen O, Pala M. “Fırat, Yeşilırmak ve Kızılırmak havzalarında taşkınların mevsimselliğinin belirlenmesi”. Altıncı Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Denizli, Türkiye, 22-24 Eylül 2010.

Theses: Author’s; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space. Title of thesis. Type of thesis (MSc Thesis/PhD Thesis/Dissertation), Name of University, city/state, country, year. Boynukalın Z. Emotion Analysis of Turkish Texts by Using Machine Learning Methods. MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 2012. Ceylan H. Şehir İçi Ulaşım Ağlarının Armoni Araştırması Optimizasyon Tekniği ile Tasarımı. Doktora Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli, Türkiye, 2009.
Report/Standard: Each author’s; Surname (space) THE INITIAL(s) of the name(s) are written without a space (there is a comma between the authors and a point after the last author) or (If the report/standard is written by an institution, Name of Institution). In quotes “Title of Report/Standard”. (if it exists) Department Name, Name of Institution (If the report/standard is written by an institution, the name of the institution don't need to be written again), city/state, country, (if it exists) type of report/standard, report/standard number, year. Diament P, Lupatkin WL. “V-line Surface-Wave Radiation and Scanning”. Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA, Scientific Report, 85, 1991. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. “Devlet Yardımlarını Değerlendirme Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu”. Ankara, Türkiye, 2681, 2004.
Web Page: The name of the organization/person the web page belongs to. In quotes “Title of page”. The internet address of the page (Access date (day.month.year)). Pamukkale University School of Foreign Languages. “PTE Academic”. http://www.pau.edu.tr/ydyo/en/sayfa/pte-academic (22.03.2016).