Life Cycle Assessment for Municipal Waste Management: Analysis for Bursa

While the solid waste management model applied in the city of Bursa responds to the waste management needs of the city, it creates a burden on the environment at the same time like every activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental burden arising from municipal waste management in Bursa and to determine the necessary steps to be taken to reduce this burden. Environmental burden was analyzed by using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and landfill gas impact modeling. The steps that municipal waste is subjected to throughout its life, namely collection and transport, transport to transfer station, landfilling, energy conversion from landfill gas were included into the system boundaries in LCA. SimaPro 8.5.0 software was used for the LCA study, and EPA LandGem model was employed for the assessment of the impact by landfill gas. The findings of the study showed that the emissions reduced by the landfill gas to energy plant in one year is approximately 0.5 million ton CO2 equivalent, and the contribution of municipal waste managed with landfilling as the main method to the global warming in one year is approximately 44 million ton CO2 equivalent. The approximate contribution of municipal landfilled to smog formation was calculated as 55 million ton O3 equivalent, to depletion of ozone layer as 647 kg CFC-11 equivalent, to carcinogenic substance formation as 22.5 CTUh, and to inhalation impact as 1732 ton PM10 equivalent.

Kentsel Atýk Yönetiminde Yaþam Döngüsü Deðerlendirmesi: Bursa Analizi

Bursa kentinde uygulanan katý atýk yönetim modeli, kentin atýk yönetim ihtiyaçlarýna yanýt verirken, her faaliyet gibi ayný zamanda çevre üzerinde bir yük oluþturmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmada Bursa’da kentsel katý atýk yönetiminden kaynaklanan çevresel yükün analiz edilmesi ve bu yükü azaltmak için yapýlmasý gerekenlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr. Çalýþma kapsamýnda çevresel yük, yaþam döngüsü deðerlendirmesi (YDD) ve deponi gazý etki modellemesi ile analiz edilmiþtir. Uygulanan YDD sürecinde kentsel katý atýðýn yönetimi boyunca izlediði toplama, taþýma, aktarma istasyonuna iletilme, düzenli depolama alanýnda depolanma ve oluþan gazdan enerji eldesi süreçleri sistem sýnýrlarýna dahil edilmiþtir. YDD çalýþmasý için SimaPro 8.5.0 yazýlýmý, deponi gazýnýn deðerlendirilmesi için EPA LandGem Modeli kullanýlmýþtýr. Bu çalýþmanýn sonucunda Bursa’da bir yýlda deponi gazýndan enerji üretim tesisiyle azaltýlan toplam emisyonun yaklaþýk 0,5 milyon ton karbondioksit eþdeðeri düzeyinde, bir yýlda depolama yoluyla bertaraf edilen kentsel atýðýn küresel ýsýnmaya katkýsýnýn ise yaklaþýk 44 milyon ton CO2 eþdeðeri düzeyinde olduðu görülmüþtür. Katý atýk yönetiminin kirli sis (smog) oluþumuna katkýsý yaklaþýk 55 milyon ton O3 eþdeðeri, ozon tabakasýndaki incelmeye katkýsý 647 kg CFC-11 eþdeðeri, kanserojen madde oluþumuna katkýsý 22,5 CTUh ve solunum etkisi 1732 ton PM10 eþdeðeri olarak hesaplanmýþtýr.