| 1. | Cover-Contents Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Pages I - VII |
| 2. | Free vibration analysis of mixed supported beam Yaşar Pala, Semih Beyçimen doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.33558 Pages 1 - 8 In this study, the free vibration of a Euler-Bernoulli beam with rotating and transitional springs at both ends has been investigated. According to different spring coefficients, frequency tables and mode shapes have been created for both symmetric and non-symmetric cases. By changing spring constants, many conditions have been examined and interpreted. It has been found that the effect of spring constants on frequencies is extremely low at high frequencies and the difference between two frequencies approaches to a constant value. |
| 3. | Investigation of dynamic motions and vibration reduction methods in railway vehicles Meral Bayraktar, Muammer Tahtalı doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.75428 Pages 9 - 20 Rail transportation is remaining its importance day by day because it is safe and convenient to carry more people and goods. With the demand for rail vehicles, expectations have increased especially in terms of comfort and speed, so the studies have been accelerated on the dynamic effects on rail vehicles to be a solution. Vibrations resulting vertical and lateral dynamic movements cannot supply the expected level in terms of vehicle safety, handling and comfort at high speeds. In the studies focused on suspension systems for reducing the dynamic effects, active and semi-active suspension technologies, which contain a control mechanism in place of conventional passive systems, have come to the forefront. In addition to passive elements, in the active suspension systems actuators and controllers are added to the system, while in semi-active suspension systems, it is tried to find a solution by controlling only the damping element without adding the actuator to the system. Another method that is developed to reduce vibration is the optimization of suspension systems. In this review, the dynamic motions in rail vehicles, methods of modeling and rood inputs are examined and the effect of active, semi-active system and optimization methods on reducing vehicle vibrations are discussed. It is concluded that the most effective method for reducing vibration was active systems but is not feasible in practice. In the present study, it is aimed to guide the future researchers who will practice on modelling and reducing the vibrations of railway vehicles. |
| 4. | Numerical investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of generic pickup trucks Volkan Atatug, Seyfettin Bayraktar doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.43778 Pages 21 - 29 In the present study, aerodynamic properties of modified generic pickup trucks were investigated by means of finite volume method. Steady, three-dimensional and turbulent flows over the pickup trucks were solved by standard k-epsilon turbulence model. An experimentally investigated two-dimensional pickup truck found in the open literature was used as a benchmark case and some modifications were done on it by closing the sides of the bed first. Then a tonneau was used to close the top of the box and finally, a canopy was used to cover the box completely from the tailgate to the cab roof. Simulations reveal that such modifications that were done on the reference case improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicles in terms of drag coefficient. With respect to the original case, the drag coefficient reduces approximately 50%, 30% and 20% by using a canopy, a tonneau and closing all sides except top of the bed. Such decreases in drag coefficient was achieved because every modification prevents the flow separation more effectively around the bed and behind the cab. Regardless of the shape of the bed, the drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds (Re) number up to Re=120000. It seems that this is the critical Reynolds number since drag coefficient does not change considerably with Re any more. |
| 5. | Natural Fiber Thermoplastic Composites in Terms of New Production Technologies: A Review Anil Akdoğan, Ali Serdar Vanlı doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.04864 Pages 30 - 36 This paper investigates Natural Fiber Thermoplastic Composites (NFTC) which take attention of the researchers and the market having aesthetic and low maintenance properties in many applications. Additive usage is an increasing application for NFTC production to get into the novel markets satisfying strong performance requirements and life stability interests of users. In this article, polymer blends from natural resources including bio-based additives for polymer composites were introduced. Afterwards, favorite additive types and most effective pelletizing processes in literature were analyzed to improve composite productivity. At the end of the paper, the common NFTC production technologies are discussed. A specially designed compounding extruder which is designed to overcome production difficulties and supply high processing performances is introduced. At the end of conducted experiment, the obtained production output rate is presented. |
| 6. | Design, modeling and structural analysis of single-turn composite wave springs Bertan Beylergil doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.65890 Pages 37 - 44 In this study, the mechanical behavior of single-turn composite wave springs under compressive loads were investigated numerically. Numerical verification of the finite element (FE) model was carried out by comparing the numerical results against analytical calculations. After verification, the FE model was extended to this study. As spring material, carbon fiber/epoxy and E-glass fiber/epoxy were selected. As design parameters, the number of waves (4, 6 and 8) and the thickness of the wave spring (number of plies; 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) were considered. The stiffness of the composite wave springs was determined by varying these design parameters and material types. The composite spring stiffness values were compared with those made of steel. The failure loads of the wave springs were determined by using Tsai-Wu failure criteria. Additionally, the hybridization effect on the mechanical response of wave springs was investigated. The numerical results showed that it was possible to obtain stiffness values which is comparable with that of steel spring and significant reduction in spring weight if the composite design parameters were selected properly. |
| 7. | Effects of the cell number and anisotropy in the open cell metal foams on the energy absorption efficiency Ali Can Kaya doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.53810 Pages 45 - 50 By means of cellular structure, open cell metal foams can be used as a light-weight material, and they can absorb impact energy effectively. In this study, effects of cell number and anisotropy in 30 and 45 ppi (pores per inch) foams on the energy absorption efficiency are investigated by quasi-static compression tests. According to current study, strength of foams decreases with lowering the number of cells for the same foam dimensions. However, energy absorption efficiency increases with decreasing number of cells. The reason for this is the enlarging of cell voids with increasing cell size; therefore, cells deform with less hardening. Effects of loading direction of metal foams on the energy absorption efficiency could not be found. It was observed that the cuboid foam samples exhibited larger strength as compared to the cubic foam samples, and this could be expressed by deformation concentrations. |
| 8. | Investigation of Protective Surface Film Behavior of Fluorine Containing Cover Gas Parameters on Molten Magnesium Alloy Ali Serdar Vanlı, Anil Akdogan, Meltem Eryıldız doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.78026 Pages 51 - 53 Protection of molten magnesium is one of the most important issues for existing and potential magnesium users. An effective melt protection system is necessary for safety reasons as well as minimizing expensive metal losses. Since SF6 has an extremely high global warming potential, HFC-134a is an effective solution in many applications. In this study, surface films formed on molten AZ91A alloy under HFC-134a/N2 atmosphere are examined in various parameters such as molten metal temperatures, exposure times, concentrations and flow rates of the protective gases. The surface films obtained as a result of the experiments were analyzed by optical microscope. The Taguchi experimental design method was used to determine the optimum process parameters. Process parameters provide the best protective layer on the melt; exposure time of 60 min, molten magnesium temperature of 660 °C, concentration of 0.30% vol., and the flow rate of protective gas mixture of 600 l/h. were determined. |
| 9. | Biomaterials Used in Orthopedic Implants Ali Tekin Güner, Cemal Meran doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.46666 Pages 54 - 67 Orthopedic biomaterials are used in replacement of joints or bones that are damaged by a disease such as osteoporosis or fixation of broken bones. Majority of these materials are metals. Non-metallic materials can be separated into three groups as ceramics, polymers and composites. In this study, the types, fundamental properties, advantages and disadvantages of biomaterials used in the production of orthopedic implants are summarized. |
| 10. | Investigation of Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour on Erosion Shield of a Helicopter Rotor Blade Hasan Gedikli, İsmail Özen doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.82150 Pages 68 - 74 In this paper, solid particle erosion behaviors of AISI 1020 steel and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy materials were experimentally and numerically investigated. Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out for the conditions of different particle impact velocities (100, 127, 170, 210, 250 m/s) and angles (20, 30, 45, 60, 90⁰ ). Moreover, erosion performances on the erosion shield of a helicopter rotor blade of aforementioned materials were numerically determined for the angle of attack of 0⁰ and impact velocity of 230 m/s. Numerical erosion analyzes were performed with ANSYS_Fluent program using discrete phase method with Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and an empirical erosion equation while experimental erosion tests were conducted by MIL-STD-3033 standard. As a result, numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, AISI 1020 steel material exhibited better erosion performance than Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material. |
| 11. | Optimization of Cutting Parameters and Analysis of Effects of Artificial Aging on Machinability of AA7075 Alloy Mahir AKGÜN, Hakan Yurtkuran, Hasan Basri ULAS doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.71224 Pages 75 - 81 In this study, The effect of aging heat treatment on machinability of AA7075 aluminum alloy is investigated. Turning experiments were performed on the aluminium test pieces obtained commercially as T6 heat treated and the aged test materials to investigate the effects of cutting tool tip radius and cutting parameters on surface roughness. Machining conditions are designed in the L18 array according to the Taguchi method. The machining tests were carried out at without coolant on CNC turning. Variance analysis (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of cutting parameters on the surface roughness. According to the variance analysis results, it has been determined that the most efficient cutting parameter on surface roughness (Ra) is the feed rate with 68.28% for the main material and 55.21% for the aged material. |
| 12. | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys AA5754 and AA6013 Joined by GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) Method Emine Mercan, Yusuf Ayan, NIZAMETTIN Kahraman doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.38063 Pages 82 - 87 The use of aluminum alloys in industry have been increased in due to their excellent low weight, corrosion resistance also other good features. These alloys are commonly joined by welding process. Different aluminum alloys are joined with together when need of a structure presents different physical or mechanical properties with together. In this study, different aluminum alloys AA5754 and AA6013 joined by GMAW (gas metal arc welding) method under different welding parameters. After that, three point bending test was carried out and notch impact test was performed to determine toughness behavior of the joints. In addition, the weld zone is characterized with hardness and microstructure studies. While the welded samples joined with convenient parameters were bended 180°, the cracks and fractures were occured on the fusion line boundary due to unsuitable parameters. According to impact toughness test results, the highest toughness value was obtained from the HAZ (Heat affected zone) of AA5754. Besides, toughness values evaluated from the HAZ of AA6013 on the joints and weld metal were nearly same. With respect to hardness test results, the maximum hardness value was measured from at the HAZ of AA6013 and this was followed by the weld metal and the HAZ of AA5754 sequentially. From the point of microstructure inspections, structures of all the weld metals were dendritic. |
| 13. | Study of cooling of the varied designed warmed surfaces with an air jet impingement Koray KARABULUT, Dogan Engin Alnak doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.58812 Pages 88 - 98 Nowadays, impinging jets are of great importance in cooling of electronic constituents which have decreasing heat transfer area with miniaturization and hence have extremely high heat fluxes. In this study, improvement of the cooling of microchips that are also used in computers and have a quite high amount of heat generation has been researched. For this aim, cooling of copper plate surfaces having 1000 W/m2 constant heat flux and two different patterns that are rampart and rectangular shapes by using a single air jet flow in channels whose cross-section is rectangle and having three sides closed and one side open has been investigated. Numerical investigation has been performed steady and 3D energy and Navier-Stokes equations by implementing computer program of Ansys-Fluent with k-ε turbulance model. While the upper and lower surfaces of the channel whose cross-section is rectangle are adiabatic, constant heat flux has been applied to the surfaces of rampart and rectangle. The used jet fluid is air and the temperature of inlet air is 300 K. The range of Re for the study is 4000-10000 when the evaluated interval between the jet-plate (H/Dh) is 4-10. The acquired results have been matched with the numerical and experimental conclusions of the study in the literature and they have been found to be compatible with each other. The results have been presented as the average Nu number and the surface temperature variation for each patterned surface with the rampart and rectangle shape. The temperature, velocity and streamline contour distributions of the jet flow along the channel for different H/Dh ratios and Re numbers have been evaluated for ramparts and rectangular pattern surfaces. In the work, the values of the mean Nu number, surface temperature and outlet jet flow temperature from the channel have been also analyzed for all surfaces in both patterned geometries. A higher average Nu number value of 31.45% has been obtained for rectangle patterned surfaces according to rampart patterned surfaces for Re=4000 and H/Dh=4. |
| 14. | Influences of out-of-plane fiber waviness on the curved beam strength of glass fiber composite laminates Kenan Çınar doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.52993 Pages 99 - 105 In-plane and out-of-plane waviness are inevitable defects in parts that have curved sections made of continuous fiber-reinforced composites. These defects can be located in the micro, meso (ply level) and macro-scale (part level). In this study, an artificial out-of-plane fiber waviness was generated on the outer surface of the curved section of the L-shaped laminates. The fiber waviness generated was characterized experimentally using micrographs taken from the samples. The effect of fiber waviness on curved beam strength and delamination of the samples were determined through bending tests. Also, the effect of fiber waviness on the strain distribution on the curved section was quantified using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. |
| 15. | Comparison of heat efficiency of flat-plate and vacuum tube collectors integrated with Organic Rankine Cycle in Adana climate conditions Ayhan Atiz, Mehmet Karakilcik doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.34033 Pages 106 - 112 In this study, the thermodynamic performance of solar collectors (FPSCs) and vacuum tube solar collectors (VTSCs), electricity and hydrogen production were numerically compared. Both systems were analyzed for one year in Adana climate conditions. FPSCs and VTSCs are solar energy technologies that can produce heat energy from solar energy. They are used in various places to meet the need for hot water or warming. However, today electricity is used more in many places, electricity generation is becoming more valuable every day. Thus, humanity seeks to produce electricity from various sources. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a very important machine that can produce electricity from sources at low and high temperatures. In this way, the heat energy produced in the FPSCs and VTSCs was transferred to the ORC by means of a pump and electricity was generated. The electricity produced in the ORC was transferred to an electrolysis system where hydrogen was produced by electrolysis of water. The thermodynamic analysis of the system was carried out by the Engineering Equation Analyzer (EES) simulation program. According to the results, with the increase of the solar energy and ambient temperature, the thermal efficiency of the system consisting of the FPSCs and VTSCs and thus the power production efficiency of ORC increased. Thanks to these increases, hydrogen production has also increased significantly. Thus, in July, the maximum thermal efficiency of VTSCs and FPSCs was found as 6.25% and 5.46%, respectively. |
| 16. | Thermodynamic analysis of a multigeneration energy system based geothermal energy Yunus Emre Yüksel, Murat Öztürk doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.98411 Pages 113 - 121 Turkey has shown great potential and development on electricity and heat energy production from geothermal sources. In this study, the detailed thermodynamic analysis of a multigeneration system based geothermal energy is presented. Also, a multigeneration system producing electricity, hydrogen, hot water, heating and cooling is proposed and mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance equations for every components of the system are derived. In addition, parametric analyses have been performed in order to see how and which variables affect the production rates of electricity and hydrogen. According to the analyses results, the largest exergy destruction rate occurs in Kalina cycle. Moreover, the most important variables affecting electricity and hydrogen production rates are found as geothermal source temperature and turbine inlet pressure of Kalina cycle. |
| 17. | Application of biochar derived from industrial tea waste into the fuel cell-a novel approach Gökçen Akgül, Zehra Turan doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.34966 Pages 122 - 126 Fuel cells play an important role in clean and efficient energy technologies. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, which uses hydrogen as fuel and operates at lower temperatures than other types, is important for portable electrical systems. Carbon material is used in the most of the fuel cell parts. In this study, the effect of biomass derived biochar on fuel cell efficiency has been investigated as an alternative, clean, inexpensive and sustainable carbon material in the membrane electrode assembly. Especially the sulphated biochar, the use of catalyst was reduced by half, results in higher fuel-cell voltage. A 0.56 V voltage was obtained with a half-catalyzed fuel cell, while a 0.78 V voltage was measured when sulfated biochar was used in the same cell. |
| 18. | Techno-economic and environmental analysis of a photovoltaic system in İstanbul Egemen Sulukan doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.24022 Pages 127 - 132 Increasing global energy demand and fluctuating costs drive mankind to sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions. Renewable resources and relevant energy-generating technologies stand out as sustainable and eco-friendly options. In recent years, with a significant decrease in energy production costs, solar energy has come to the fore and increased its production share in the national economies. Solar based electricity production technologies are preferred not only with their cost-effectiveness but also with their contribution to combating climate change and achieving the sustainable development targets. In this context; the aim of this study is to analyze the techno-economic and environmental aspects of a system consisting of photovoltaic (PV) modules that use solar energy as a source to provide electrical power demand in a campus located in Istanbul. The solar potential of Turkish Naval Academy of the National Defense University has been calculated based on the available rooftop area for PV modules in the campus, the availability of per unit area of the roof, the efficiency, inverter efficiency and temperature effects on the PV array’s performance. The potential of the roof-mounted PV system was calculated using a modified calculation and then the feasibility of the proposed energy system has been developed by RETScreen simulation tool. As a result, it is calculated that the proposed system will reach positive cash flow at the end of four years repayment period and continue its profit condition throughout the 25 years project life cycle, will decrease the total greenhouse gas emissions by 93% and save 721.1 tons of crude oil. It has been evaluated as a cost-effective and environment-friendly application for the campus of Turkish Naval Academy. |
| 19. | Monte Carlo based stochastic approach for first order nonlinear ODE systems Hande Uslu, Murat Sarı doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.25493 Pages 133 - 139 After the discovery of the effectiveness of the stochastic methods for solving real life problems, these methods have been applied to a wide range of problems in two types; deterministic problems and stochastic problems. The general opinion takes part in applying these methods to stochastic problems since it is preferable for realistic results. Moreover, those methods can also be used in dealing with deterministic models. This study aims to show how stochastic approaches can be applied to deterministic models. Thus, an algorithm based on the Monte Carlo simulation has been presented for solving some systems of nonlinear differential equations. To discuss the behavior of such models, the population equations have been taken into consideration. The considered approach has been seen to produce more accurate results than numerical techniques. A detailed discussion about the results has also been given in this work. |
| 20. | The effects of initial populations in the solution of flow shop scheduling problems by hybrid firefly and particle swarm optimization algorithms Serkan Kaya, İzzettin Hakan KARAÇİZMELİ, ibrahim berkan aydilek, MEHMET EMIN TENEKECI, Abdülkadir GÜMÜŞÇÜ doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.94763 Pages 140 - 149 The classical flow shop scheduling problem is based on the principle that the machines are sequenced sequentially and that the same machine sequence is followed for each job. The flow shop scheduling problems become very complex, with the increase in the number of jobs and machines. Many meta-heuristic methods are used to solve these complex problems. The effect of initial populations has great importance for searching optimal solutions by meta-heuristics methods. In this study, it is aimed to observe the effect of different initial populations in flow shop scheduling problems in the literature by using hybrid firefly particle swarm optimization algorithm. For this purpose, 5 different initial population generation methods were set and comparison tests were performed. The mean relative deviation values of the methods including the Nawaz-Enscore-Ham algorithm were determined to be better. The success of the Nawaz-Enscore-Ham algorithm for different particle count levels has been tested and the results are presented. |
| 21. | Design and analysis of bi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem: A case study in construction equipment manufacturing industry Hamdi Giray Reşat doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.35033 Pages 150 - 156 This paper presents a design and development of mixed-integer linear optimization model for scheduling of flexible job-shop production problem under capacity constraints by using exact solution algorithm. Modeling approach is designed in order to introduce data analysis in real situations, minimize production time in production lines, reduce total production costs, and reveal important features of mathematical programming problem in detail. The main purpose of this study is to obtain faster and efficient Pareto solution sets for bi-objective problem by using ϵ-constraint method. Generated Pareto frontier using real life data is shared with decision makers. The GAMS programming language is used during the solution phase of a mixed-integer linear optimization model for bi-objective problem and production efficiency of the company is increased around 16.6% in terms of production cost. |
| 22. | Combined facility location and distribution network design problem: Progressive models and a case study Ibrahim Kucukkoc, Mustafa ACAR doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.11456 Pages 157 - 173 This paper addresses to the facility location problem of ammunition stores considering the design of distribution network from stores to geographically dispersed army forces. The problem is to determine the construction sites of the ammunition stores among candidate sites and to give the decision on how many stores will be built from which kind. The problem also contains designing of a distribution network to concurrently determine the amounts of several military equipment transported from stores to army forces. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the cost of the whole system, caused by the construction of the ammunition stores and the transportation of different equipment in diverse quantities from stores to dispersed army forces. The model is then improved progressively and several variants are presented to reflect the real-world conditions through a case study. Numerical results obtained from solving the case study using the proposed models coded in General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) are exhibited. The effect of the size of problem specific parameters on the model execution time is also investigated via experimental tests. The results demonstrate the promising problem-solving capacity of the proposed models, which can be applied practically. |
| 23. | An Empirical Look at the Variation Associated with Bootstrap Estimates of Location Parameters Levent Erişkin doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.39260 Pages 174 - 183 Bootstrap is a technique for estimating standard error and bias of the statistic of interest. The idea behind the bootstrap technique is that bootstrap distribution generated by resampling from the sample at hand mimics the sampling distribution of the statistic. Nevertheless, the effect of sample size and number of bootstrap replications on the accuracy of bootstrap predictions is rarely considered and ignored while applying bootstrap. Although there exist limited studies on this matter in the literature, results obtained in these studies are expressed based on the population distribution. In this paper, we provide results of an empirical study that examines the relationship between sample size and number of bootstrap replications and standard errors of bootstrap estimates of location parameters for different population distributions. To that end, we focus on the representativeness of bootstrap distribution to sampling distribution for different continuous and discrete population distributions and different sample sizes, firstly. According to application results, we observe that sample size has more impact on accuracies of bootstrap estimates as regards to number of bootstrap replications. Additionally, we confirm that bootstrap distributions of median based on small sample sizes are inadequate for representing sampling distribution. Lastly, in order to model relationship between standard errors of bootstrap estimates and sample size and number of bootstrap estimations independently of population distribution, we propose a methodology based on jackknife-after-bootstrap technique and regression modeling. |
| 24. | Estimating confidence lower bounds of Weibull lower percentiles with small samples in material reliability analysis Meryem Yalçınkaya, Burak Birgören doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.40111 Pages 184 - 194 Weibull distribution is widely used in the modeling of mechanical properties such as tensile strength of ceramic and composite materials. The 95% one-sided confidence lower bounds on the 1st and 10th Weibull percentiles, namely A-basis and B-basis material properties, are important in reliability studies for understanding early failures and reducing risks. These lower bounds are generally estimated by small samples due to the high costs of the experiments, hence the precision of estimation remain low. Therefore, in the literature, many exact and approximate interval estimation methods for Weibull percentiles have been proposed for achieving better performance. In this study, a comprehensive comparison of the exact methods with Monte-Carlo simulations has been made. In addition, some methods developed for Weibull parameters are also included in this comparison since they can be used for exact lower bound estimation but have never used for this purpose in the literature. In the study, the lower bounds have been estimated by the maximum likelihood method, the Menon method and 25 different models of weighted/ unweighted least squares methods (such as improved estimators, interchanged axes), and average false coverage probabilities are used for the comparison criterion. According to the simulation results, the maximum likelihood and the weighted least squares method with Faucher & Tyson weight factors have very similar performances for sample sizes less than 8; and the maximum likelihood method has always shown the best performance for sample sizes greater than or equal to 20. However, it is emphasized that linear regression methods are more practical in terms of ease of calculation when performance differences are negligible. |
| 25. | Analysis of the GI/M/3/K Queueing System by Semi-Markov Process Hanifi Okan İşgüder doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.36974 Pages 195 - 202 In this study, a queuing system of K-capacity with recurrent entry and three heterogeneous servers has been investigated. In the system discussed, inter-arrival times are independent of one another and have an arbitrary distribution. The service time of each server has an Exponential distribution with parameter μ_k. The customer who enters the system starts to receive service on the server with the lowest index number from the servers that are empty. If all servers are busy on arrival, the incoming customer joins the queue. When the system is at full capacity, the incoming customer leaves the system without receiving any service. The system under consideration was modeled using a semi-Markov process and the embedded Markov chain provided by the semi-Markov process was obtained. Steady-state probabilities and the probability of customer loss were calculated. Additionally, by performing optimization with respect to service discipline and arrival process, the loss probability is minimized. The obtained theoretical results are shown numerically for cases where the inter-arrival times followed Exponential, Erlang, and deterministic distributions. |
| 26. | A Goal Programming Model for The Make-up/Compensation Examination Problem Tuğba Saraç, Feriştah Özçelik, Hatice Erdoğan doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.01033 Pages 203 - 210 In the universities and other educational institutions, make-up/compensation examinations are made for students who cannot take the exam at the scheduled exam periods due to examinations, health problems and so on. Especially when there are a lot of students going into these examinations, preparing the exam schedule can be very difficult and time consuming. In the literature, generally exam scheduling problems are considered as when the number of sessions, examinations and students attending to the examinations are certain, examinations are assigned to the sessions by considering resource constraints such as supervisor, classroom. In this study, number of sessions is not known and desired to be minimized because the examinations must be completed within a short period. It is also aimed that the sessions are balanced as much as possible in terms of number of examinations and if a student will attend more than one examination in one day, the examinations will not be consecutive. A goal programming model is proposed for the considered problem. The developed model has been tested using real data from the Industrial Engineering Department of Eskişehir Osmangazi University. |
| 27. | A new approach to R&D project selection problem and a solution proposal: UTA method Ela Binici, Erdem Aksakal doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.45945 Pages 211 - 226 Nowadays with the rapid increase in globalization, competitiveness is based on the information. Information is transformed into science and technology by systematizing with research and development studies. The development of a country, producing added value, providing employment, continuing to increase in production continuously is only possible by increasing the information content and by converting the increasing information into science and technology. Considering the variety of products and services is very much, innovation is necessary for countries and producers for to continue and compete in the activities. In this regard, research and development (R&D) carries great importance. R&D can be defined as the development of new products, new production methods, or the acquisition of new technologies, products, production methods from present information. As it is in other countries, our country also encourages R&D investments and supports R & D investments. In determining the size of support according to the R&D dimension, the value added which will be effective can be evaluated as benefit. For this purpose, in our study, the projects were ranked in a competition where R & D projects are selected by considering the efficient use of supports. In this sense, the UTA Method which is one of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods was preferred for the solution process for our problem. UTA method preferred because of its considering marginal utility structure and linear programming approach. The GAMS program was used to solve the mathematical model obtained during the solution process. Because of being benefit-based, ıt has been tried to be shown that the solution can support the ranking of projects more effectively and correctly. |
| 28. | Warehouse Location Selection for An Electricity Distribution Company by KEMIRA-M method ÖZNİL KIŞ, Gülin Feryal Can, Pelin Toktaş doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.98354 Pages 227 - 240 In this study, by using Modified Kemeny Median Indicator Ranks Accordance (KEMIRA-M) approach which begins to become popular in recent times for solution of Multi criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems, warehouse location selection for an electricity distribution company is performed. KEMIRA-M logically distinguishes criteria into two groups and it computes criteria importance weights by including interactions between both groups. KEMIRA-M considers both decision makers’ preferences related to the priorities of criteria and quantitative or qualitative values of these criteria in decision making process. Decision makers can change importance weights of criteria based on median priority component representing expected rankings of criteria importance weights and they can see the effect of this variability on rankings of alternatives. In warehouse location selection problem investigated in this study, it is aimed to choose the favorable location considering different criteria and these criteria were grouped firm related and environmental criteria to evaluate 20 alternative warehouse locations. In this context, as firm related criteria; Operation Center-Meeting Point (OC-MP) transportation cost per month, main warehouses’ transportation costs per month, number of connected OC-MP, consumption amounts of OC-MP were considered. Population, distance to the closest main road, average distance to main supplier, mobility, investment amounts in 2018, average delivery time and land cost were taken into account as environmental criteria group. |
| 29. | Dealership Performance Evaluation in Supply Chain with DEMATEL and ELECTRE Methods Nihan Kabadayı, Sündüs Dağ doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.39214 Pages 241 - 253 The supply chain is a complex system in which a number of companies work together to maintain final customer satisfaction and sustainable success. Supply chain collaboration is important to perform supply chain activities smoothly and gain a general supply chain success. In this study, we consider the importance of dealership performance evaluation in a supply chain. The dealers have a critical role in a supply chain since they have a direct relationship with the final customers. From this point of view, dealership performance evaluation is one of the important activities in supply chain management. The DEMATEL (Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory) method is used to determine the importance level and the causal relationship between key performance indicators (KPIs) to be used in dealership performance measurement. Thus, it has been determined which criteria should be given importance in improving dealership performance. In addition, a model has been developed for dealership performance evaluation using the ELECTRE method. |
| 30. | Comparison of the total workload of local public transportation drivers with a new approach according to physical and mental workload criteria Tuba Adar, Elif Kılıç Delice doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.93609 Pages 254 - 267 The drivers working in the local public transportation may face with musculoskeletal system problems as a result of their working style and they may feel mentally great pressure and fatigue and the workloads of drivers increase. It is extremely important to determine and reduce the total workload of drivers in order to ensure public transport in a safe manner. The total workload evaluation may be considered as a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem caused by conflicting mental and physical workload criteria. In this study, an integrated approach of AHP and COPRAS methods, which is one of MCDM methods, was used to compare the drivers in terms of total workload criteria. Firstly; while NASA-TLX method criteria were considered as mental workload criteria; physical workload criteria were determined by considering the body parts in REBA method especially depending on the continuous and repeated working positions of the drivers. Then, the weights of the criteria were determined by AHP method and sixty drivers were compared with COPRAS method in terms of total workload by using these weights. The most important criteria were identified as time pressure on the drivers working for a Metropolitan Municipality, while the neck part of body was found to have more strain than the other body parts. According to the results of the study, measures to be taken to reduce the workload of drivers are presented. As a conclusion, it is thought that this study will contribute to the literature since there is no study that analyzes the total workload for drivers mentally and physically by MCDM methods. |
| 31. | Analysis of Post-Graduate Theses in Industrial Engineering Area of Turkish Universities Cihan Çetinkaya, Ayşenur Uslu, Eren Özceylan, Kaan Mert Hayırsöz doi: 10.5505/pajes.2019.60094 Pages 268 - 278 Today, engineers make efforts for post-graduate programs far more than before. The main reasons can be increasing awareness of firms about education, decreasing job opportunities for undergraduate degrees, the increasing demand for being an academician or scholarship opportunities by government. Some firms want their post-graduate student engineers to solve the firm’s problems in their master or doctoral thesis as case studies. In this regard industrial engineering is a field that adjusts almost with every sector because of its multidisciplinary nature. Thus, there are many post-graduate theses written in this area. The aim of this paper is to analyze 2,122 post-graduate theses (master & doctoral) which are carried out in the department of industrial engineering in Turkish universities. The data is obtained from the website of Council of Higher Education of Turkey. The time period is determined as 2010-2017 and only the 1780 “permission” theses are analyzed in order to reach keywords for solution approaches and keywords analysis. Eight different indicators are used to analyze the thesis such as; university status, page numbers, language, keywords etc. As a result, this study shows how the theses are clustered according to different indicators and which topics are studied more frequently in recent years. The inference of the paper is important because the results give an insight about the road map of industrial engineering thesis completed in 56 different Turkish universities. |