Diet yoghurt and diet Asidophilus bifidus yoghurt were produced from cow milk and fat ratio was decreased below 1 %. In production of diet Asidophilus bifidus yoghurt, freeze dried DVS culture which contains normal yoghurt bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus ve Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) and therapeutic lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria) was used. In production of diet yoghurt, normal yoghurt bacteria were used. Chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of these products were determined and compared. Generally, except the consistency sensed in mouth, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties were approximately same. Finally, these products were healthier than other yoghurt products, because of the amount of low fat and containing therapeutic bacteria.

Freezing is one of the excellent methods for the preservation of foods. If freezing and thawing processes and frozen storage method are carried out correctly, the original characteristics of the foods can remain almost unchanged over an extended periods of time. It is very important to determine the freezing and thawing time period of the foods, as they strongly influence the both quality of food material and process productivity and the economy. For developing a simple and effectively usable mathematical model, less amount of process parameters and physical properties should be enrolled in calculations. But it is a difficult to have all of these in one prediction method. For this reason, various freezing and thawing time prediction methods were proposed in literature and research studies have been going on.

Soybean, a protein rich product has an acceleration of increasing uses in different products. One of the usage of soybean is production and consumption as soymilk and soymilk products. These products, consumed in Far East for a long time, are introduced into the other countries in recent years and health conscious people are interested in them. These products, which have economic and as well as dietetic and therapeutic benefits, are not enough known in our country. In this review, general specifications, therapeutic and dietetic effects and production processes of soymilk, soy yogurt and soy cheese were discussed.

The basement of the investigated area is Silurian-Cretaceous aged basement rocks. The basement rocks consists of phillite, schist, quartzite, limestone, dolomite, spilite, diorite, gabbro, diabase and serpentinite. This basement is overlined unconformably by Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene aged Sille formation, Yalýtepe formation, Ulumuhsine formation, Küçükmuhsine formation, Lower Pliocene aged Yürükler formation and Upper Pliocene-Quaternary aged Topraklý formation. Sille formation consists of red conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone, deposited in alluvial fan and braided stream environments. Yalýtepe formation contains cream, brown stromatolitic limestone formed in a shallow lake environment. Ulumuhsine formation is made by cream, limestone, clayey limestone, clayey limestone-mudstone alternation, mudstone, marl, dolomite, nodules and bands of chert-bearing, fossils-bearing limestone deposited in a shallow and open lake environment. Küçükmuhsine formation formed in a shallow and open lake environment consists of tuffite. Yürükler formation overlies conformably and unconformably in local Ulumuhsine and Küçükmuhsine formations, and contains conglomerate, and caliche nodulled mudstone deposited in alluvial fan and braided Stream environments. All these lithologies is overlined unconformably by Upper Pliocene-Quaternary aged Topraklý formation. Topraklý formation consists of conglomerate deposited in alluvial fan and braided stream environments. Neogene basin in the region have characteristics of an intra-mountain basin, time to time controlled by tectonics.

In the study area, Paleozoic and Tertiary aged rock units outcrop. Paleozoic aged rock units which form the basement, are peliticschists, sericitschists, chloriteschists, quartzschists, quartzites and marbles. Pliocene aged rock units, which are lacustrine sediments, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, claystones and sandy limestones overlie this basement with angle disconformity. The meteoric water, circulated in the region is heated by the effect of geothermic gradient and emerges near the small town of Köþk, forms the Köþk thermal. Recharge of the thermal water is 3,66 l/s in 20.08.1997 and 3,46 l/s in 21.09.1997. Temperature of the water is 35 oC which measured by using max-thermometer in the emerging point of (well) the water. According to do thermal measurements and the results of chemical analyses the water can be defined as "Ca, Mg, SO4 thermal and mineralized water" by the IUGS standarts. AB/2 = 700 m Rezistivite Deep Electric Drilling has been done to increase the recharge and temperature of the Köþk thermal water at seven points in 7-8 Septemper, 1997. In the light of this geophysical investigations and with the support of geological and hydrogeological conditions, it can be expected that the temperature and recharge of the thermal water would be increased. On the basis of geophysic resiztivite data, to increase of water recharge and its temperature it is suggested that the best drilling sites are between 2 and 3 well-points which are located between fault and high-resiztivite chalkschists-quartzite within schists.

On the lasers or fiber optic communication electromagnetic waves are transmitted by confining and guiding between special layer’s or fiber glass respectively. It is desired that electric and magnetic waves are in the active region of the lasers and in the core of the fiber glass. It is obtained by making more larger the of refractive index of the regions. On this work, the behavior and varying of the electric and magnetic waves and the effects on the electromagnetic waves in the fiber glass and lasers are investigated.

In this work, the potential for the elimination of hardness of the water by using zeolitic tuff (klinoptilolit) obtained from the upper layer tuff of Balýkesir-Bigadiç, where the richest deposits are located in our country, has been investigated; as a means of water supply, daily usage water of campus, Selçuk University, was utilized to wich none of the pre-refining process was applied apart from chloring. At first, zeolite samples of -0.85+0.60 mm were regenerated by NaOH and the change in the hardness of water passing through zeolitic bad in ion exchange column at a constant rate was abserved. After optimizing the regeneration conditions in this way, the effect of the velocity of water fed into zeolitic bad and the water left in the column on the elimination of water hardness were also searched. As a result, the lowest value of water hardness was obtained by taking the water feeding rates at 10 ml/sec. and using zeolite regenerated with 0.75 M NaOH. Additionally, it was seen that the highest working capacity will be reached under these circumstances.

The influence of feed ratios ((LE/LR) ) on the performance of a packed liquid-liquid extraction column, with a diameter of 5.86 cm and a column height of 132 cm was investigated. The column is made of borosilicate glass and packed with 10 x 10 mm glass Raschig rings. In this study, a ternary system composed of water + propionic acid + trichloroethylene was used. The data used to triangular diagram were obtained experimentally. The overall mass transfer coefficients, the numbers of overall mass transfer units, the heights of mass transfer units, the numbers of theoretical stages and height equivalent to a theoretical stage (H. E. T. S.) values were calculated and compared with each other.

A procedure in which Stokes diffusion cell was used is given for the determination of the Stokes diffusion constant for the binary liquid systems. Experiments were repeated until reproducible results were obtained. The effect of stirring on diffusion was examined and the stirring rate of 60 rpm was used in subsequent experiments.The diaphragm of the cell was calibrated at 298 K by diffusing 0.1 N potassium chloride. The experimental cell constant(?) was found 0.1997 cm-2. The binary experiments were performed in a temperature controller water bath at 290 K. The experimental diffusion coefficients of the dimethylphtalate-acetic acid, diethylphtalate-acetic acid and benzyl alcohol-acetic acid were found 0.927x10-5cm2/s, 0.623x10-5cm2/s and 1.067x10-5cm2/s, respectively. Furthermore, diffusion coefficients were calculated by the Scheibel and Wilke-Chang methods and compared with experimental values.

Dowels, 6, 8 and 10 mm ? diameters were bonded with PVAc adhesive on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF). Edges were covered with 5, 8 and 12 mm beech wood materials, drilled 25 mm depth. Tensile strength measurments were made on the samples. The highest tensile strength value was given as 6 mm ? dowel and MDF covered with 8 mm thickness beech wood material (2.294 N/mm2), the lowest value was obtained with 10 mm ? dowel and with unprocessed MDF (1.314 N/mm2).

Novadays, one of the environmental pollution which effects the human health is noise pollution. Researches on this subject result in that noise pollution has become important public health problems recently. In this research study, first comprehensive survey (Hamilton Ankesiyete Test) was performed on 200 people who are in different ages and deal with different jobs. Noise Amplitude were measured at 66 test locations in Konya metropolitan area. The results showed that there are several locations which have noise amplitude value higher than reference limiting values. According to the test results noise pollution map of Konya were drawn.

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Methoden zur Messung des Adsorptionsgraded der in den verwendeten Flotationsreagenzien enthaltenen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen an Flotationsprodukten mit Hilfe von 14Cmarkierten Leitisotopen zu bestimmen. Um die zuverlässigen Verfahren zu entwickeln, sind die Versuche am Low-Level-?-Feststoffprobenmeßplatz und Flüssigkeits-Szintillationsmeßplatz, das als Extraktionsverfahren bezeichnet wird, durchgeführt worden. Zwischen der von der Meßapparatur ermittelten Aktivität und tatsächlich vorhandenen besteht eine Differenz.

In this study, the combustion properties of some impregnation materials (abiotic and biotic factors) used for eucalyptus wood in interior or exterior environments were investigated. The experimental samples were prepared from Eucalyptus wood based on ASTM-D-1413-76 Tanalith-CBC, boric acid, borax, vacsol-WR, immersol-WR, polyethylen glycole-400 and ammonium sulphate were used as an impregnation material. The results indicated that, vacuum treatment on Eucalyptus gave the lowest retention value of salts. Compounds containing boron+salt increased fire resistance however water repellents decreased the wood flammability.