Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg. Ahead of Print: PAJES-76983 | DOI: 10.5505/pajes.2023.76983

Investigation of cantilever retaining walls constructed in Turkey highways

Þule ACARCA¹, Ýbrahim KELEK², Burak EVÝRGEN³, Ahmet TUNCAN^3
1Toker Drilling and Construction Company, Ankara, Turkey
²General Directorate of Highways, 14th District Office, Bursa, Turkey
³Department of Civil Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey

In this study, cantilever retaining walls constructed near the highways were investigated according to real project values. Twenty-eight retaining wall projects applied in the site at different regions of Turkey such as Central Anatolia, Marmara and Black Sea were considered. The value of surcharge load, depth of foundation, ground water level, surface slope of soil and wall height were chosen as variable parameters, although properties of base soil, granular backfill and natural soil were considered as constant parameters. Theoretical calculations of factor of safeties were completed against overturning, sliding and bearing capacity according to each case as well as two-dimensional finite element models were solved in Plaxis software to find the maximum horizontal deformations. Rankine active and passive earth pressure theories were used to make static analysis of cantilever walls. If the surcharge load, surface slope of soil, height of wall and ground water level increases, the stability conditions depending on factor of safeties decreases due to results. In addition, a deeper depth of foundation increases the factor of safeties against sliding and bearing capacity, while it does not affect the overturning behavior. The location of ground water stands out as a dominant parameter rather than other external factors. Therefore, the design height of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall is not proposed in which taller than 15m due to unsecure and uneconomical conditions, even if other criteria are met.

Keywords: Cantilever retaining wall, Sliding, Overturning, Bearing capacity, Slope stability, Plaxis

---

Türkiye karayollarýnda inþa edilen konsol istinat duvarlarýnýn incelenmesi

Þule ACARCA¹, Ýbrahim KELEK², Burak EVÝRGEN³, Ahmet TUNCAN^3
1Toker Sondaj ve Ýnþaat A.Þ., Ankara Türkiye
²Karayollarý Genel Müdürlüðü, 14. Bölge Müdürlüðü, Bursa, Türkiye
³Ýnþaat Mühendisliði Bölümü, Eskiþehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Eskiþehir, Türkiye

Bu çalýþmada, karayollarý kenarlarýnda inþa edilen konsol istinat duvarlarýnýn gerçek proje deðerlerine göre incelenmiþtir. Ýç Anadolu, Marmara ve Karadeniz gibi Türkiye'nin farklý bölgelerinde arazide uygulanan 28 adet istinat duvarý projesi deðerlendirilmiþtir. Sürþarj yükü deðeri, don derinliði, yeraltý su seviyesi, zeminin yüzey eðimi ve duvar yüksekliði deðiþken parametreler olarak seçilirken; temel zemini, granüler dolgu ve doðal zemin özellikleri sabit parametreler olarak kabul edilmiþtir. Her bir duruma göre devrilme, kayma ve taþýma kapasitesine karþý güvenlik sayýsýnýn teorik hesaplamalarýnýn tamamlanmasýnýn yaný sýra maksimum yatay yer deðiþtirme deðerlerini bulmak için Plaxis yazýlýmýnda iki boyutlu sonlu eleman modelleri çözülmüþtür. Konsol duvarlarýn statik analizlerinde Rankine aktif ve pasif toprak basýncý teorileri kullanýlmýþtýr. Sonuçlara göre sürþarj yükü, zeminin yüzey eðimi, duvar yüksekliði ve yeraltý suyu seviyesi artarsa, güvenlik faktörüne baðlý stabilite durumlarý azalmaktadýr. Buna ek olarak, daha derindeki temel seviyesi, devrilme davranýþýný etkilemezken kayma ve taþýma kapasitesine karþý güvenlik faktörünü arttýrmaktadýr. Diðer dýþ etkenlerden ziyade yeraltý suyunun konumu baskýn parametre olarak öne çýkmaktadýr. Dolayýsýyla, diðer kriterler karþýlansa dahi, güvensiz ve ekonomik olmayan koþullar nedeniyle 15 m'den daha yüksek betonarme konsol istinat duvarý tasarým yüksekliði önerilmemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Konsol istinat duvarý, Kayma, Devrilme, Taþýma kapasitesi, Þev stabilitesi, Plaxis

---